en Nursing Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b>Background:</b> The reproductive willingness of women of childbearing age and its related factors is key to coping with the change in population structure. This study aimed to explore fertility intention and associated factors for having a second child among Chinese nurses.<br> <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional multi-center study was conducted in three hospitals in Shandong, China, from November 2023 to January 2024. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling among female nurses. The survey was conducted face to face, enabling participants to ask questions and clarify difficulties with the questionnaire.<br> Data were analyzed via IBM SPSS 19.0. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to clarify the determinants of respondents&rsquo; fertility intention (yes, no, or not sure), with a p-value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.<br> <b>Results:</b> Overall, 39.2% of participants reported that they would not have a second child under the current birth policy, which accounted for the highest proportion. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that those with higher work-family conflict, higher income, and late pregnancy were more likely to report a negative response toward fertility intention for a second child.<br> <b>Conclusion</b>: Family economic condition, age of the first child, and overloaded work were found to be significant influencing factors of Chinese nurses&rsquo; fertility intention to have a second child. Existing policies in China should continue to be implemented, including policy support and ideological guidance, to ensure that nurses have fewer worries when deciding to give birth to their second child. Limited by the cross-sectional study design, more qualitative studies are needed to explore barriers among populations who do not intend to have a second child.</span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> Birth policy, China, Fertility intention, Nurses 23 28 http://nmj.goums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2169-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Jialu Li Lhh53017@163.com 100319475328460016393 0009-0008-7299-9622 No School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China Yue Zhao zynice99@126.com 100319475328460016394 0009-0003-4043-4452 No School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China Maoyun Miao miaomaoyun@163.com 100319475328460016395 0009-0006-4310-0548 No School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China Yaqi Huang huangyaqi0921@126.com 100319475328460016396 100319475328460016396 No School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China Zhichao Liu 100319475328460016397 100319475328460016397 No School of Rehabilitation, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China Guiyu Qu guiyuqu@126.com 100319475328460016398 0009-0001-2331-7436 Yes School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China Shixiang Chen 100319475328460016399 100319475328460016399 No School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China