Journal of Research Development in Nursing and Midwifery

Comparison of Sleep Quality in Athlete and Non-Athlete Pregnant Women

Seyed Alireza Tavakoli Khormizi

Background: Recent studies have shown that physical activity is an effective factor in improving sleep quality. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the sleep quality of athlete and non-athlete pregnant women.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was performed on 300 pregnant women in the last trimester of pregnancy, referred to prenatal care unit of Amiralmomenin Hospital in city of Zabol. After selection via convenience sampling, participants were divided into two groups of athletes and non-athletes based on their level of physical activity. Data were collected via a demographic form and Pittsburgh sleep quality and Baek physical activity questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test.

Results: The mean score of sleep quality in pregnant women was 8.51 ± 2.09. Overall, 81.2% of the subjects had poor sleep quality. The sleep quality of athlete (7.19 ± 1.68) and that of non-athlete (10.18 ± 2.28) pregnant women were undesirable. However, athlete pregnant women had significantly better sleep quality compared to non-athletes (P=0.003).

Conclusion: Based on the results and the high prevalence of sleep disorders in pregnant women, as well as the positive impact of physical activity on sleep quality, daily physical activity seems essential for improvement of sleep quality in pregnant women.

Relationship between Personality Characteristics, Internal Locus of Control, Psychological Hardiness and Nurses’ Quality of Life

Ali Zeinali

Background: Psychological characteristics affect the quality of life. This study aimed at determining the relationship between personal characteristics, internal locus of control , psychological hardiness and nurses’ quality of life.

Methods: In this correlation study, 297 nurses were selected based on Curgesy and Morgan table via multistage cluster sampling among 1023 nurses of the public hospitals of the Urmia city in the year 2015. All of them filled out the questionnaires of personality characteristics (including neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), internal locus of control, psychological hardiness and quality of life. The data was analyzed by correlation and multiple regression methods with step-by-step model.

Results: The findings showed a significant negative relationship between neuroticism and the nurses’ quality of life. Furthermore , there was a positive correlation between extroversion, openness, agreeableness , conscientiousness , internal locus of control, psychological hardiness and their quality of life. Among the predictor variables, psychological hardiness, neuroticism, internal locus of control and openness could meaningfully predict 64.7% of the changes of nurses’ quality of life. (P<0.01).

Conclusion: According to the results, by increasing the psychological hardiness, internal locus of control and openness and by decreasing the neuroticism, the nurses’ quality of life could be increased.

Group Horticulture Program on Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia

Leila Rafiee Vardanjani

Background: Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric disorder and its Positive and negative symptoms have negative effects on social functions. A combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments is considered more effective for this condition. The present study aimed to determine the effect of a group horticulture program on psychiatric symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Methods: This quasi- experimental study was conducted from April 2014 to July 2014 in Sina Hospital in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province in Iran. Fifty-two eligible patients with diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia were randomly assigned to two groups of horticulture and usual care (control). Both groups received similar medical and routine care. The patients in horticulture group participated in a group horticulture program for three months. The patients’ psychiatric symptoms were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study by Andreasen’s scales for assessment of negative and positive symptoms. The data was analyzed by student t test, paired t test and chi square.

Results: At the beginning of the study, the patients in both study groups were matched in terms of age, sex, marriage status, education, and average scores of positive and negative symptoms. At the end of the study, the horticulture group showed a significant improvement compared with control group in positive and negative symptoms (P < 0.05), which indicated the effectiveness of the intervention on these symptoms.

Conclusion: Group horticulture program can be used as an effective non-pharmacological adjunctive treatment in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

The Nurses' Quality of Life Based on Burnout, Perceived Social Support and Psychological Hardiness

Flora Rahimaghaee

Background: Nurses are responsible for maintaining and improving the health and quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is important to assess the quality of life of nurses in order to improve it. Quality of life is affected by many variables and among them burnout, perceived social support and psychological hardiness are the leading ones. This study aimed at predicting the quality of life of nurses based on job burnout, perceived social support and psychological hardiness.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on nurses working in governmental hospitals in Tehran , 2015. Four-hundred nurses were selected by multistage cluster sampling. The instruments were burnout, perceived social support, psychological hardiness and quality of life questionnaires. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression model simultaneously.

Results: The results showed that the burnout and quality of life of the nurses had a significant and negative relationship (r=-0.39) and the perceived social support (r =0.61) and psychological hardiness (r =0.45) had a positive and significant correlation with quality of life of nurses (P<0.01). In a predictive model of burnout, perceived social support and psychological hardiness could predict 59.3 percent of the changes in quality of life (R2=0.593).

Conclusion: According to the results, it is suggested that nursing executives, counselors, therapists and policy makers pay attention to the signs and the effects of these variables , and conduct some appropriate programs for improving the quality of life of nurses.

Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Quality of Work Life from the Perspective of Nurses Working in the Hospitals of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2015

Behnaz Torkan

Background and objective: Improving quality of work- life ‎ of nurses requires existence of an organizational culture with collaborative and compatible features and with purpose and prospect. Human resources in different organizations such as hospitals with different organizational cultures have different interpretations about quality of work- life ‎; therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and quality of work- life ‎ of the nurses in the hospitals of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences.

Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlation study, which was conducted in 2015 on 295 nurses at the hospitals of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was performed by using convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were Walton’s quality of work-life questionnaire and Denison’s organizational culture survey. To analyze data, descriptive and analytic statistics methods were used and Spearman correlation coefficient and regression coefficient were also applied.

Results: Results indicated that organizational culture of 76.9% of nurses (227 persons) was mediocre. Also, quality of work life ‎ of 72.92 of nurses was mediocre and only 1.4% enjoyed a good work life and 25/8% had a low level of work life. Results also showed that there is a significant positive correlation between quality of work life ‎ and all components of organizational culture (p<0/05). Also, results of regression analysis showed a positive linear correlation between organizational culture and quality of work- life ‎.

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, improvement in quality of work life ‎ of nurses requires changes in the components of organizational culture and participation of employees in the organization.

The Role of Health-Promoting Behaviors in Predicting the Quality of Life of Pregnant Women

Sajad Basharpoor

Introduction: High quality of life during the pregnancy is of great importance for both mother and the fetus. In order to identify factors affecting the quality of life of pregnant women, this study was conducted to show the role of health promoting behaviors in predicting the quality of life of pregnant women.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Statistical population consisted of all pregnant women who had referred to the Health Centers of Gilan-e Gharb City for receiving the prenatal care from March 2013 to September 2013, of whom, 90 people were selected by purposive non-random sampling method and data were collected by questionnaires of Health Promoting and Short Form 36 Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

Results: The mean and standard deviation age (SD) of the pregnant women was 26.72 ± 4.45. There was a positive relationship between quality of life of pregnant women and an overall score of health promoting behaviors and variables of heath responsibility, good nutrition, spiritual growth, interpersonal relationships and stress management (P<0.005). Regression analysis also showed that 37% of the total variance in the quality of life of pregnant women is explained by interpersonal behaviors.

Conclusion: Results of this study show that health responsibility, good nutrition, spiritual growth, interpersonal relationships and stress management improve quality of life of pregnant women. Of these styles, interpersonal relationships play an important role in predicting quality of life. These results highlight the importance of training the health promoting behaviors notably effective interpersonal relationships during pregnancy.

Effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Group Cognitive Therapy on Anxiety in Women with High-Risk Sexual Behavior

Shokouh Navabi Nejad

Effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Group Cognitive Therapy on Anxiety in Women with High-Risk Sexual Behavior

Background and Objective: Due to the effectiveness of psychological interventions on mood and anxiety disorders, the schema therapy interventions and group cognitive therapy were used in this study to reduce anxiety in women with high risk sexual behaviors.

Methods: This was a pilot study using cluster sampling method. The statistical population consisted of 500 women (20-60 years old with diploma degree or higher) with a history of high risk sexual behaviors who had referred to the Shohada Ceneter of Hamedan for HIV test. Concurrently, DASS questionnaire with 21 items and psychiatric interview were performed; 250 of them had symptoms of depression, anxiety and perceived stress and 85 of them had symptoms of anxiety; 45 were randomly selected and were divided into three groups: two intervention groups and one control group. 12 group cognitive therapy sessions and 12 schema therapy sessions were considered; each session was 90 min. At the end of the treatment, all groups were post-tested.

Results: Comparison of the mean difference of the anxiety in three groups of schema therapy, cognitive therapy and control showed that there was a significant difference among these groups. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the mean of anxiety in cognitive therapy group and schema therapy (-2.376, p =0.01).

Conclusion: The results showed that schema therapy is more effective than cognitive therapy on anxiety of the women who referred to Shohada Ceneter of Hamedan.

Comparison of Effect of Two Treatment Methods: Oxygen Therapy with Face Mask and Nasal Catheter on Nausea and Vomiting and Comfort in Cesarean section under Spinal Anesthesia

Khadijeh Yazdi

Background: Receiving Oxygen during Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia can be a good way to prevent from nausea and vomiting of mothers and hypoxemia of fetus. This study aimed to compare the effect of two treatment methods of Oxygen therapy with facemask and nasal catheter on vomiting and nausea and patient's comfort during Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 50 candidate patients for elective cesarean section, recruited via convenience sampling , were divided into two groups. For the first group, 8 liters of Oxygen per minute with face mask and for the second one, 4 liters of Oxygen per minute with nasal catheter was administered during cesarean section and after that in recovery unit. Nausea, vomiting and comfort were recorded during the first 30 min of surgery and in recovery unit. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test, independent t test, Fisher's exact test and Chi-square tests.

Results: No significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of nausea and vomiting during surgery and after that. Moreover, there was no significant difference between two groups in terms of comfort during (p=0.14) and after surgery (p=0.12). In terms of clinical treatment, patients who received Oxygen through nasal catheter felt more comfort.

Conclusion: Nasal catheter by administering lower dose of oxygen had a similar effect to face mask on nausea and vomiting. Therefore, since patients feel more comfort when using nasal catheter, it is preferable in preventing the nausea and vomiting in Cesarean section during spinal anesthesia.

Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction of Midwives in therapeutic , Teaching and Health Centers of Karaj, Iran

Mina Amiri

Background: Health system is seeking to provide health services for people by creating the desirable culture and climate, in which, human resources are ready to provide the effective and high quality services. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction of midwives therapeutic, teaching and health centers of Karaj.

Methods: in this cross-sectional study, 200 midwives working in selected training, health and treatment centers of Alborz University of Medical Sciences were randomly chosen. The instruments were Robbins 'self-report organizational culture questionnaire and Herzberg job satisfaction questionnaire. The data was analyzed by Friedman test and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results: Most midwives showed average organizational culture and job satisfaction. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant and direct relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction (P>0.001 and r=0.71). Organizational identity and job status had the highest scores of organizational culture and job satisfaction, respectively.

Conclusion: The results show that there is a positive correlation between organizational culture and midwives' job satisfaction. Thus, the desirable organizational culture results in job satisfaction, desirable performance and high efficiency. Organizational culture and the degree of moral stress in working place can affect job satisfaction and desertion ; therefore, making every effort to improve the organizational culture can increase the efficiency of the employees.