Journal of Research Development in Nursing and Midwifery

Effect of Sexual Education on Sexual Function of Primigravid Women: A Clinical Trial study

Fatemeh Seifi

Background: Sexual function is particularly important aspect of pregnant women’s lives that can affect mental health and family cohesion. The present study aimed to determine the effect of sex education on sexual function of primigravid pregnant women.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial study with four parallel groups (two intervention and two control groups) was conducted on 100 primigravid women in 2019. The Two intervention groups (n=50) received three sessions of sex education, once a week and two control groups (n=50) didn't received sex education. The Female Sexual Function Index was completed at the beginning of the study and after eight weeks. Data were analyzed with SPSS (version 18) and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired t-test, Fisher's exact test were used for analysis and significance was set at 0.05.
Results: The Given that the mean sexual function in the groups before the intervention was significantly different (P=0.0004), the Mean difference rate of change (Mean DRC) was used for inter-group comparisons. Mean DRC of sexual function in the first intervention group (sex education and prenatal education) was 0.173±0.563 (17% increase) and the second intervention group (only sex education), was 0.106±0.209 (10% increase). However, Mean DRC of sexual function decreased significantly in the two control groups (-0.0364±0.205) (-0.009±0.132) (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results confirm the positive effects of sex education on sexual function during pregnancy. In addition, combination of sex education with conventional prenatal education can have a greater impact on the overall sexual function than each intervention separately.

Relationship between Professional Commitment and Intention to leave the job among Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units

Mahnaz Modanloo

Background:Professional commitment is one of the factors that can improve performance and job satisfaction in nurses. It can also play an important role in nurses’ willingness to stay in the profession. This study was conducted to determine relationship between professional commitment and the intention to leave the job in nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs).
Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019, on 202 nurses working in the ICUs of hospitals affiliated to the Golestan University of Medical Sciences, northeastern Iran. Eligible nurses were enrolled via census. Data were collected by using the Nurses' Professional Commitment Scale (NPCS) and the Hanshow's Anticipated Turnover Scale (ATS). Data were analyzed in SPSS (version 16) using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results:The mean score of professional commitment (90.40±16.69) and its dimensions had a significant inverse association with intention to leave the job (36.87±4.87) (P<0.05). There was also a significant relationship between professional commitment and age, clinical experience, and work experience in ICUs (P<0.05). However, the intention to leave the job had a significant inverse relationship only with clinical work experience (P<0.05).
Conclusion:According to the results, necessary measures should be taken by healthcare policy makers and hospital managers to reduce the turnover intention rate among nurses. Officials can increase the nurses’ job satisfaction by considering the factors that promote professional commitment and by incorporating incentive systems to encourage nurses to remain in the profession.

Assessment of the Relationship between Patient Safety Culture and the Second Victim Experience in Critical Care Unit and Emergency Department Nurses

Nasrin Hanifi

Background: The second victim phenomenon affects the physical and mental health of staff. Patient safety culture and the level of organizational support also affect the second victim experience and its consequences on the staff. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between patient safety culture and second victim experience in critical care unit and emergency department nurses.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 307 nurses working in the intensive care unit and emergency departments of hospitals affiliated with Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (Zanjan, Iran) in 2019. Data were collected using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST), and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation coefficient. All analyses were carried out at a significance level of 0.05.

Results: There was a significant positive relationship between the patient safety culture and the second victim's supportive sources (P=0.001). However, the patient safety culture had no significant relationship with the second victim's distress rate (P=0.663) and its outcomes (P=0.164).

Conclusion: The results of this study show that improvement of patient safety culture is associated with an increased feeling of support among the nurses, which could ultimately reduce the rate of turnover and absenteeism. Therefore, nursing managers should provide more support to nurses, particularly after the occurrence of patient safety events, for reducing distress and preventing further errors.

Knowledge and Practice About Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPACR) Among Primigravida Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Suresh Chandra Mondal

Background: Pregnancy is considered as the most precious gift for any woman. She should have a safe pregnancy and delivery. Unfortunately, many women are deprived from this right due to poor knowledge or awareness. Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR) have proven to be effective strategy to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. This study was done with an objective to assess the knowledge and practices of BPACR among third trimester women attending antenatal clinic.
Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study conducted in antenatal clinic of Howrah District Hospital West between 15^th December 2020 to 20^th January 2021. Study participants were 200 Primigravida mothers who were in third trimester of pregnancy attending the antenatal clinic. Semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and obstetrical history; structured knowledge questionnaire and checklist was used to asses’ knowledge and practice on BPACR. Chi-square test or Fischer’s exact test was used as test of significance for qualitative data. Correlations were performed with Pearson Correlation coefficient. coGuide software was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Out of 200 pregnant women, 169(84.5%) have done higher secondary education and 176(88%) were home makers. Majority (62.5%) were residing in urban area. Among participants, 138 (69%) primigravida mothers had inadequate levels of knowledge about BPACR and 140(70%) had inadequate practice.
Conclusion: In this study, the BPACR knowledge and practice of the participants were inadequate. Ideal BPACR given through education can help in healthy practice during antenatal and postnatal period.

Experiences of Novice Educators with the Role Transition from Clinical Practice to Academia: A Phenomenological Study in Ghana

Timothy Tienbia Laari

Background: The transition from clinical practice to academia comes with diverse experiences and challenges for novice educators, which causes stress, frustration, and role strain. This study aimed to describe the experiences of novice educators With the role transition from clinical practice to academia in Ghana.
Methods: This descriptive phenomenological study was conducted with 12 novice educators in three health training institutions in the Upper East Region of Ghana in 2020. The purposive sampling method was used to select participants, and data were collected through a semi-structured interview guide. Each audio-recorded in-depth individual interview was transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method.
Results: Based on the data analysis, three themes and six subthemes emerged including tutor-student interaction, role transition challenges, and role transition support. The subjects had negative student encounters and were overwhelmed with the workload and lack of transition support.
Conclusion: Novice educators in Ghana have diverse experiences that affect their role transition into academia. Creating and implementing faculty orientation and mentorship programs for these individuals would improve the experience and ensure their smooth role transition into nursing academia.

Effect of Stretching Combined With a Slow Deep Breathing Exercise on Patients’ Anxiety after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Azam Zarneshan

Background: Anxiety is commonly experienced by patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), which is also closely related to the recovery of patients. This study aimed to determine effect of stretching combined with a slow deep breathing exercise (S+SDBE) on anxiety of patients after CABG.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 50 eligible patients (aged 45-65 years) were randomly divided into experimental (n=25) and control (n=25) groups. The exercise program was performed by the experimental group in the morning and afternoon for 6 days. The patients in the control group received only routine care from the hospital. The Faces Anxiety Scale was used for assessment of anxiety. Data were analyzed using non-parametric tests at a significant level of 0.05.
Results: Data from 48 patients (35 males and 13 females) were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 59.66 ± 4.1 years. The mean anxiety scores decreased significantly in the experimental group in the morning and afternoon compared with the control group (P<0.05). The anxiety scores differed significantly between the two groups in the morning of days 5 (P=0.025, effect size d=0.32) and 6 (P=0.017, effect size d=0.34) and in the afternoon of days 4 (P<0.001, effect size d=0.51), 5 (P<<0.001, effect size d=0.53), and 6 (P<<0.001, effect size d=0.61).
Conclusion: Based on the results,S+SDBE can be applied to decrease patients’ anxiety after CABG.

Effect of Emotion Regulation Training Based On the Gross Model on the Fear of Childbirth in Primigravida Women: A Randomized Field Trial

Fatemeh Bayenat

Background: Fear of childbirth can affect the health of the mother and the baby, which can be associated with unfavorable consequences. This study was conducted to determine effects of an emotion regulation training based on the Gross model on the fear of childbirth in primigravida women.
Methods: This randomized field trial was conducted on 62 primigravida women with a gestational age of 28-32 weeks, who were referred to comprehensive healthcare centers in Gorgan (Iran) from April to November 2019. Subjects were selected using simple random sampling. The subjects were randomly divided into a control group (n=31) and an intervention group (n=29) based on their mean score of fear of childbirth at pretest. The Gross model-based emotion regulation training was held in 8 sessions of 120 minutes, twice a week, for women in the intervention group in three groups. The control group received routine training programs. Data were collected using the Persian version of the 14-item fear of childbirth questionnaire, at baseline and one month after the intervention. Statistical analysis of data was carried out in SPSS software (version 16) and at significance level of 0.05.
Results: The demographic characteristics of the subjects did not differ significantly between the two groups. After the training intervention, the mean score of fear of childbirth in the intervention group (26.55±5.44) was significantly lower than that in the control group (34.48±7.32) (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: Based on the results, we suggest providing the Gross model-based emotion regulation training in health care centers in order to reduce the fear of childbirth in primigravida women.

Preventing Child Sexual Abuse in Iran: Mothers Teaching Body Safety to Their Sons

Elham Khoori

Abstract:
Background: Parents play important roles in protecting their children from child sexual abuse (CSA). In Iran, mothers have been shown to effectively improve and maintain female children’s protective behaviors and knowledge regarding CSA. This study aimed to determine the effect of personal safety education for mothers in Gorgan (northeastern Iran) on their sons’ knowledge and skills for the prevention of CSA.
Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in 2019 on 46 preschool-aged boys and their mothers. Eligible subjects were recruited by systematic random sampling from two health centers in Gorgan. Boys were pretested using Persian versions of the Personal Safety Questionnaire and ’What If’ Situations Test and then randomly assigned to either an education group (mother-taught program) or a control group. Mothers assigned to the education group participated in a 2-hour training session and were given the Body Safety Training workbook to teach their sons during the following week. Two days after the training by their mothers, boys in both groups were post tested and also followed up one month later. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) by using repeated-measures ANOVA, general estimation equation, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher’s exact test.
Results: Children taught by their mothers demonstrated significant increases in the mean scores of knowledge (P=0.001), total safety skills (P<0.001), and appropriate-touch recognition (P=0.005). These increases were maintained at the one-month follow-up. Children in both groups recognized almost all inappropriate-touch requests correctly at all three time periods (P=0.99).
Conclusion: Educated mothers effectively taught their young sons skills and knowledge to protect from CSA, and these gains were maintained for one month. Although all participants were able to recognize inappropriate-touch requests, boys did not recognize that requests to touch the genitals are appropriate for health or hygiene purposes until they were educated by their mothers. In Iran, parents teach children that any touching or looking at their private parts by anyone is forbidden.

Evaluation of Relationship between Health Literacy and Illness Perception in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Iran

Zahra Tayebi Myaneh

Background: Inadequate health literacy has negative effects on physical and mental performance, medication adherence, self-care behaviors and quality of life . The impact of health literacy on different aspects of illness perception in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is not clear. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine relationship between health literacy and illness perception in patients with MS.
Methods: This was a correlational study on 100 patients with MS who had been referred to neurology clinic of Abu Ali Sina Hospital in Qazvin (Iran) in 2017-2018. The subjects were enrolled via convenience sampling. A demographic information questionnaire, the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) health literacy instrument, and the brief illness perception questionnaire (BIPQ) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 22) using descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression model.
Results: Adequate health literacy level was found in 11% of patients; 26% had a possibility of limited health literacy and 63% had a high likelihood of limited health literacy. The mean illness perception score was 35.53±1.31 (moderate). There was no significant relationship between health literacy and the mean score of illness perception (r=-0.014, P=0.894). However, there was a significant relationship between perception and recognition of present illness, as a subscale of illness perception with health literacy (r=0.243, P=0.015). Variables in the multi-variate predictive model accounted for 37.6 % of the total variance in heath literacy. Duration of illness perception significantly predict health literacy (B=0.052, P=0.035). Moreover, the only predictor of illness perception in patients with MS was income level (B=87.87, P=0.05), which explained 35.7% of the illness perception changes.
Conclusion: Based on the results, illness perception is significantly associated with health literacy. Therefore, it is necessary to promote health literacy in order to improve understanding the nature and consequences of the disease and conduct further research on the relationship between health literacy and illness perception among patients with MS.

Effect of Virtual Collaborative Learning with Mobile Devices on Patient Safety Culture among the Staff of a Maternity Center

Forouzan Olfati

Background: Improving patient safety is a common international priority because errors and other forms of unnecessary damage to the process of patient care and treatment are global problems. Training programs such as web-based programs enhance the patient safety culture in staff. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of virtual collaborative learning with mobile devices on patient safety culture among the staff of a maternity center.
Methods: This study was conducted on staff working in Kowsar Hospital of Qazvin in 2019 with a pretest-posttest design. Sixty-three eligible participants were recruited using convenience sampling. The educational contents were shared on a website. Data were collected online using the hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire. Educational intervention sessions were held once a week, for 8 weeks. The paired t-test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results: The mean score of safety culture increased significantly from 141.19±16 to 147.93±14.05 after the intervention (P<0.001). Error reporting at the center also increased significantly after the intervention (P<0.001).
Conclusion: This research showed that the collaborative method using mobile learning can be effective for the promotion of patient safety culture among the maternity center staff.

Effects of a Parenting Preparation Course on Preferred Mode of Delivery, Fear of Childbirth, and Perception of Traumatic Childbirth in Midwifery Students

Ezgi ŞAHİN

Background: The research was carried out to examine the effect of a parenting preparation course given to midwifery students during an academic semester on the preferred mode of delivery, fear of childbirth, and traumatic birth perception.
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design that included 47 second-year students enrolled in the parenting preparation course. Students took the parenthood preparation course, 2 hours a week, for 14 weeks. Data were collected using a descriptive information form, the pre-pregnancy fear of birth scale, and the perception of traumatic birth scale. Paired t-test and chi-square test were used to evaluate intragroup and intergroup differences. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software at a statistical significance of 0.05.
Results: The mean age of the students was 20.13±0.67 years. The mean score of pre-pregnancy fear of childbirth was 40.46±9.37 in the pretest and 23.61±6.79 in the posttest. In addition, the mean score of traumatic childbirth perception decreased from 77.34±25.15 in the pretest to 39.44±13.78 in the posttest. The number of students who preferred cesarean section decreased significantly, while the number of students who preferred vaginal delivery increased after the preparation course.
Conclusion: Parenting preparation classes can contribute to the reduction of fear of childbirth and the perception of traumatic childbirth in women.

Critical Analysis of Effects of the Youth Health Application and Flipcharts on Adolescents’ Knowledge about Early Marriage: A Quasi-Experiment Study

bhartendra sharma

No Abstract

Prevention and Health Assurance From the point of view of the sage Seyed Ismail Jorjani and its comparison with the recommendations of the World Health Organization

Mahboubeh Ismaili

Background: The study of the views of past Iranian scholars to get out of health problems is one of the suggestions of the scientific community, especially researchers in the field of health and traditional medicine in Iran. In the work of Hakim Seyyed Ismail Jorjani, the Khwarezmshahi reserve for maintaining and ensuring the health of prevention as an essential set has been emphasized as a principle and in this research has been considered by comparing the recommendations of the World Health Organization.
Methods: Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, first of all, sources and references about medical history, especially Khwarazmshahi reserve book and related materials are identified on the World Health Organization website and articles in the field of medicine and traditional medicine of Iran with related keywords in Google, Google Scholar, Iran Dock, Elsevier databases. The necessary data were studied, categorized and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method, and the findings were compared with the texts of the health field, especially the World Health Organization, regarding the relationship between the recommendations of this organization and the theories of Hakim Jorjani of the 5th and 6th centuries AH. The importance of prevention and health assurance was discussed. Results: The mean score of safety culture increased significantly from 141.19±16 to 147.93±14.05 after the intervention (P<0.001). Error reporting at the center also increased significantly after the intervention (P<0.001).
Conclusion: A comparative study of Hakim Jorjani's point of view and the recommendations of the World Health Organization showed that about ten centuries ago the most important and effective way to maintain and ensure preventive health was considered in accordance with the six principles of health.

Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Failure; A Protocol for Mixed Methods Study

Shohreh Kolagari

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) refers to perceived physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being. The purpose of this study is to evaluate HRQOL in patients with chronic respiratory failure (CRF).
Methods: The present mixed methods study is conducted since 2020 by simultaneous implementation of quantitative and qualitative phases. The quantitative phase is cross-sectional research to determine HRQOL in patients with CRF. In this phase, 171 patients will be selected based on the inclusion criteria from the internal medicine, respiratory, and neurology wards of hospitals affiliated with the Golestan University of Medical Sciences (Gorgan, Iran). The stratified sampling method is applied by calculating the bed occupancy rate. To collect data in this phase, the Persian version of the HRQOL questionnaire will be used for patients with CRF. In addition, the questionnaire will be translated and evaluated in terms of psychometric properties. Data obtained from the quantitative phase are analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS 16 software. Simultaneously with the quantitative phase, the researcher will achieve an understanding of HRQOL in the patients by using the contractual content analysis method in the qualitative phase. In this phase, the subjects will be selected via Purposeful sampling. Data are collected through semi-structured interviews and sampling will continue until reaching data saturation. Data analysis is done by the Graneheim and Lundman method. In this regard, after extracting and categorizing the codes, subclasses and classes will be formed. Finally, the findings of the quantitative and qualitative phases will be compared and integrated for discussion and interpretation of the data.
Conclusion: Evaluation of HRQOL by implementing combined qualitative and quantitative approaches can provide a complete picture of this concept in patients with CRF. Moreover, the results of such studies can help predict outcomes and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.

Relationships between Burden of Care and Mental Health of Family Members of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Faranak Masoumi Fard

Background: Hospitalization of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can lead to burden of care and cause health problems for family members of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between burden of care and mental health of family members of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Methods: This cross-sectional correlation study was conducted from November 2021 to February 2022. The study population consisted 84 family members of COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Shariati Hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The subjects were selected via consecutive sampling. Data collection was done using a demographic information form, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21, the Zarit Burden Interview, and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 and at significance level of 0.05.
Results: More than half of the participants (51.22%) experienced mild to moderate level of care burden, while 17.07% of them experienced moderate to severe level of care burden. The mean score of mental health in the participants was 16.925±1.953. By adjusting the demographic variables and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21, the level of stress of family members led to more burden of care (coefficient beta= 0.608, 95% confidence interval= 0.451-1.556, P=0.001).
Conclusion: Paying attention to the issue of stress in the family members of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and supporting these individuals can help to provide better care to the patients and reduce health challenges.

Effects of Virtual Emotion Regulation Training on Positive and Negative Sexual Self-Concept of Diabetic Married Women Covered by Comprehensive Health Centers in Gorgan, Iran

Tayebe Ziaei

Background: Sexual self-concept is an individual's perception of his/her sexual feelings and actions, which can be affected by chronic diseases, including diabetes. As a biological and psychological crisis, diabetes can cause mood changes. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of virtual emotion regulation training on the positive and negative sexual self-concept of diabetic married women.
Methods: An interventional study was conducted on women with type 2 diabetes covered by the comprehensive health service centers of Gorgan (Iran) in 2019. Overall, 36 eligible diabetic women were enrolled via available sampling. The subjects were assigned to an intervention group (n=19) and a control group (n=17) through four-block allocation and random selection without placement. Virtual emotion regulation training was held during 4 sessions, once a week, for the intervention group. Both groups completed the Persian version of Beck’s Depression Inventory and Snell’s Multidimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire at baseline, immediately after the last virtual training session, and one month after the last training session. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mean score of positive sexual self-concept of patients after the last training session was 133.68 ± 18.91in the intervention and 131.17 ± 18.86 in the control group. The mean score of positive sexual self-concept of patients one month after the training was 10± 9.51in the intervention group and 15.17 ± 11.92in the control group. The mean score of negative sexual self-concept of patients after the last training session was 10.42± 10.04 in the intervention and 14.52± 14.39 in the control group. The interaction effects of time and group on the positive sexual self-concept did not differ significantly (P=0.316). The group effect was also not statistically significant (P=0.58). The interaction effects of time and group on the negative sexual self-concept were significant (P=0.023), and the group effect was not statistically significant (P₌0.47).
Conclusion: The significant interaction of time and group on negative sexual self-concept indicates that the negative sexual self-concept in diabetic women has been affected by the intervention. Given the significant effects of virtual emotion regulation training on the management of negative emotions, this type of intervention can be beneficial for improving the health of diabetic women.