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  Background and Objective: Growing trend of chronic kidney disorders in the world represents the increased problem imposing on patients and their family, and ultimately reduce the quality of their life. ­Thus, dialysis patients are trying to ­increase their quality of lives, in addition to looking for proper treatment. ­ This study was conducted to­ compare the quality of life in hemodialysis patients ( HD) and peritoneal dialysis.­(PD)­

  Materials and Methods: ­ This cross-sectional study was performed on 166 dialysis patients (130 HD and 36 PD patients ) in teaching hospitals of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The instrument was standard SF-36 questionnaire including demographic part and 36 questions about quality of life. To analyze the data , we used descriptive statistic and independent T- test.

  Results: Most of the participants (n=97) are female and most of HD (43.8%) and PD (50%) patients are in 26-45 and 15-25 age bracket, respectively. The mean of QOL score in HD patients in physical function, role function and mental health sections is more than the mean of PD (P<0.05).

  Conclusion:­ According to the results of the present study, QOL in HD is better than that PD. Hence, recognition of level of QOL in chronic renal failure, and research about promoting ways of QOL is necessary to step practically forward increasing QOL.

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  Background and Objective : Nosocomial infection is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in hospitalized patient. Some experts believe that nurses have a major role in infection control. We aimed to examine and compare the knowledge and practice of prevention and control of Nosocomial infection among nurses and nursing students in Amol.

  Material and Methods : This cross­-sectional study was conducted on 190 nurses working in state hospitals of Amol (n­=100) and internship nursing students (n=90) in 2010.­We collected the data by a questionnaire including personal characteristics, knowledge and practice part, and analyzed, using statistical software SPSS-16,by descriptive statistics and independent samples t­-test, chi-square and Pearson correlation.

  Results: The mean score of nurses' knowledge and practice, respectively,­ was 6.91±1.06 and 8.00±1.33 in the range of 0-10 that is significantly more than students' knowledge and practice 6.29±1.73 and 7.56 ± 7.56­(P­=0.­009). More Than half of the participants (59% of students and 53.4% nurses) have a moderate level of knowledge. There is significant difference between nurses' knowledge and students' (P­=0­.­003).

  Conclusion: The results suggest that students’ knowledge and performance is weaker than those of nurses. And they both need to receive Documented and managed training programs related to prevention and control of nosocomial infection during their educational period and work.

  Keywords: ­Knowledge, Performance, ­­Nosocomial infection, Nurse, Nursing student, Prevention

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Background and Objective:  Transtheoretical model (TTM) is one of the models applied to  assess the regular physical activity. The aim of the current study was to investigate the regular physical activity based on transtheoretical model constructs among Golestan University of Medical Sciences’ students.

Material and Methods: ­In this cross-sectional study, 295 students were recruited through convenience sampling. The instruments were Marcos et al. Stages of change and Nigg et al. Decisional balance questionnaires. Their validity was approved by content and face validity andtheir reliability by test re test method.­­ Data analysis was conducted by Chi-­square ,Logestic regression, and ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc tests.

Results:­ The mean age of the participants is 21.89±3.05.­Eighty nine point five percent are unmarried and 67.5% females .The results show that they are in precontemplation (60.3%) contemplation(8.8%), preparation(11.9%), action(9.5%)­ and maintanenec (9.5%)stages. There is a significant relationship between stage of change with cons and pros of physicalactivity(p<0.05) .Male gender, Bsc and lower educational levels along with cons are the best predictors of regular physical activity(p<0.05).

Conclusion: Since the majority of the students(81%) have a  sedentary life, It is a necessity to conduct some  planned interventions for their progress on maintenance stage. Increasing of pros and decreasing of cons could be useful.

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Background and objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory nervous system disease. ‌It leads to the loss of myelin in the white matter of brain, spinal cord and optic nerves, and causes tiredness, muscle cramp, tremor, unsteady gait and some inability to move. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pilates exercises and aquatic training on walking speed of women with MS.
Material and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in 2012 on 45 women,‌ referring to MS clinic of Kashani Hospital in Isfahan. The subjects with the age of 20-40, physical disablement of 4.5 and disease duration of 8±2 years were randomly allocated to one of the three groups of Pilates exercises, aquatic training and control.‌ Training program for pilates and aquatic group was carried out in 12 weeks, three sessions per week, and each session lasted about one hour. Patients' walking speed was measured, using 25-foot walk test, before and after exercise. ‌The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, covariance and paired comparisons of adjusted means.
Results: The adjusted mean of walking speed scores of the experimental groups are significantly different (P‌<‌0.05). ‌While, the comparison of paired means between the two groups was not significant.
Conclusion: Because of increased effect on walking speed, we recommend Pilates exercises and aquatic training as a complementary treatment alongside medicinal treatments for MS patients.