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  Background and Objective: Mechanical ventilation is used for some infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) due to many physiological and clinical causes. The practice of endotracheal suctioning of ventilator- treated patients is necessary to remove secretions to prevent obstruction of the endotracheal tube and lower airways. This study aimed at determining the effect of open and closed suctioning methods on cardio-respiratory parameters of infants undergoing mechanical ventilation.

  

  Material and Methods: In this clinical trail, forty-four infants underwent mechanical ventilation in NICU were selected by simple continuous sampling. The samples were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group: first, open suctioning and then after three hours of cleaning, closed suctioning was performed. In the second group, first closed suctioning and after three hours of cleaning, open suctioning was implemented. Respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation, pulse rate and blood pressure were assessed before ( in three, two and one minutes ) , during and after ( in one , two and three minutes ) each type of suctioning. The Data was analyzed by Software SPSS-16 using ANOVA with repeated measures and independent t-test.

  

  Results: There was a significant difference between mean respiratory rate and oxygen saturation in infants during and after the closed and open suctioning (p<0.05). Oxygen saturation had a significant reduction in open method compared to closed method during and immediately after suctioning. Respiratory rate had a significant reduction in 3 minutes after open suctioning in both steps. The mean of diastolic pressure in second step of open method and in both steps of closed method was significant (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean pulse rate in different times of open suctioning in the first step (p<0.05), Pulse rate drop significantly was lower in closed suction than open one (p<0.05).

  

  Conclusion: because of little changes caused by closed suctioning in hemodynamic condition, it is recommended using the closed suctioning to prevent from respiratory complications and pulse rate dropping in infants.

 

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  Background and Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most prevalent cause of hepatic related problems. , which has not been introduced any crucial treatment for it so far. Insulin resistance and oxidative stress are the most important risk factors for this disease. As anti-oxidant and insulin resistance decreasing effect of Cinnamon has been shown in prior studies, we carried out this research to determine the effect of cinnamon on lipid profile, liver enzymes, insulin resistance and hs-CRP inflammatory factor in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver.

  

  Material and Methods: this clinical trial was conducted on 50 patients with fatty liver, selected on the basis of including criteria. The Intervention group was given 1.5 gram Cinnamon and placebo group taken placebo for 12 weeks. Lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL), fasting blood glucose, serum insulin , hs - CRP inflammatory factor, liver enzymes (ALT and AST and GGT), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity (QUICKI), diet, physical activity and anthropometric indices were measured in the beginning and end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software, using Covariance, Students t-test, Paired t-test, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney.

  

  Results: A significant decrease in HOMA, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, ALT, AST, GGT and hs-CRP , and a significant increase in Quicki were seen in Cinnamon group (p <0.05). The change of LDL cholesterol in both groups was significant (p <0.05), whereas the reduction of HDL cholesterol wasn’t significant ­­ (p=0.130).

  

  Conclusion: based on the results, the use of Cinnamon may be effective in the patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

  

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Background: Telephone follow-up is one of the effective ways to improve lifestyle of cardiac patients. Discharge planning is the development of an individualized discharge plan for the patient prior to leaving hospital, with the aim of improving patient outcomes. This study was done to investigate the effect of telephone follow-up after discharge on the lifestyle of cardiac patients.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 154 cardiac patients in cardiac care units in Sari, Iran 2015-2016. Patients were recruited through convenient sampling, then they were allocated randomly in two experimental (n=77) and control (n=77) groups. Before registering, training was provided for both groups of patients. In next step, all the patients were followed up by telephone on the second, fourth and sixth days after the discharge. In addition, the experimental group was followed up by telephone weekly for a month and then monthly for five months. Data was gathered using questionnaire before intervention, as well as one and six months after intervention. Data was analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA, Chi-square and the independent t-test in SPSS-16.
Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in self-care, physical activity and exercise, diet and stress management score before intervention. However, significant differences were observed between the two groups in self-care (p<0.001), physical activity and exercise (p<0.001), diet (p<0.001), and stress management (p<0.001) score after intervention during 6 months.
Conclusions: Telephone follow-up program is effective method promoting the cardiac self- patients lifestyle. The structured telephone follow-up was important for a holistic approach care in patients.

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