Background and Objective: ­ ­Delirium is a kind of fluctuating cognitive­ destruction , disorientation and ­a common problem for inpatients, which leads to increased mortality, prolonged hospital stay, increased cost and decreased rehabilitation.­ This study evaluates the incidence of delirium and its associated risk factors in open heart surgery.

  Material and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted ­­in six month (2011), via convenience sampling, on 404 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery in the heart center of Fatemeh Zahra in Sari, Iran. Using Neecham questionnaire and demographic checklist, delirium was evaluated from the first till the fifth day of surgical operation. We used survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression) to­ analyze the findings, using SPSS software version18.
Results: The incidence of delirium is reported 28.5%. There is a significant relation between the incidence of delirium and variables such as age , lower education, rural, history of kidney failure, heart failure, stroke, hearing disorder, atrial fibrillation, increased serum potassium and increased serum urea.

  Conclusion: ­ According to the results, screening for d elirium is a matter of the utmost importance . With attention to individual profile and preoperative factors related to delirium, it is necessary to train elder and lower education patients, to maintain electrolyte balance before operation and to eliminate sensory deprivation in order to lessen the incidence of delirium.

Background and Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common occupational complaints bringing about increased financial burden and reduced social productivity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and their relationship with psychosocial factors in the staff of organization.

Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 675 staff of the organizations in Gorgan where selected via cluster & stratified sampling. The instruments Nordic standard questionnaire and job content including areas of job demands, decision latitude, job nature, social interaction with managers and colleagues. We analyzed the data by independent t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression (P&le0.05).

Results: Seventy-seven of participants (11.4%) suffer from neck pain, 39 (5.8%) from shoulder pain and 97 (14.4%) from back pain. Multivariate logistic regression showed a significant relationship between neck pain and the support given by supervisor and Colleagues. Respectively, Freedom of decision-making and support are the most common factors associated with shoulder and back pain.

Conclusion: Based on the results, the support of supervisor & Colleagues and the freedom of decision are the risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders.

Background: Participation of nurses in research studies is a requirement of achieving evidence-based nursing, but studies in this regard are limited. This study aimed to determine the viewpoints of nurses regarding the facilitating factors and obstacles of participating in research and utilization of its results in clinical practice.

Methods: This descriptive study was done in 2013 at teaching hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Study subjects included 210 clinical nurses with at least a bachelor's degree who were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data collection tools included a researcher-made 3-section questionnaire. The first section consisted demographic information and the second and third sections contained 21 questions each that evaluated the motivational factors and obstacles of research, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation).

Results: Of all the participants, 87.6% were female with average age of 38.08 ± 4.93 years. Regarding the research facilitating factors, the highest score was given to the intrinsic interest for knowledge acquisition and increased practical work ability. In this section, the lowest scores were given to interaction with other colleagues and the existence of competitive conditions. In terms of the research obstacles, the highest scores were reported for problems at work including staff shortages and high workloads, while the lowest scores were reported for low self-confidence and lack of interest and unwillingness to do research.

Conclusion: The results of this study can provide information for nursing policymakers to establish measures that constructively motivate nurses to do research and utilize its results by the managers.