---

Abstract Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus and its complications are the leading factors of mortality and morbidity in human. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and some related factors in the north of Iran. Material and Methods: This crossectional–descriptive study was carried out on 1998 cases (1000 men and 998 women) aged 25- 65 years old. The subjects were chosen by stratified sampling. A socioeconomic questionnaire was filled out. We meseared Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Anthropometric indexes such as height, weight and waist. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was defined when Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) was equal or over 126 mg/dl. Data was analyzed by SPSS software, using Chi Square and T.test (P<0.05). Results: The mean age is 44.2 years. FBS of male is 94.51±32.91 mg/dl and of female is 98.2±40.1. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is 8.3% [(men = 6.8% and women =9.7%), (urban =10.5% and villages=6.4%0)]. There is a positive correlation between FBS and age, waist circumference and BMI (P=0.01). Blood glucose is controlled by diet and physical activity 64.1% and 24.2%, respectively. Conclusion: One out of twelve of adults in Golestan province suffer from DM. Obesity, Overweight and central obesity are coexisting problems with DM. it is a necessity to present a protocol based on screening and education of DM patients.

---

  Background and Objective: Appropriate spending of free time can be considered as an effective means to promote the physical, psychological and moral aspects of life and to avoid of social misconduct. Since it is true for students, we tried to study the leisure time of university students in Golestan province, 2007.

  Material and Methods: In this descriptive survey (2007), the subjects were 1080 male and female students, selected­ by a randomized Multi-Stage sampling, from some universities (Golestan university of Medical sciences, Golestan University of agriculture and natural resources, Gorgan and Aliabad Azad University) in Golestan province.The data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire including 63 questions, and described by descriptive statistics.

  Results: The students were female (55.8%), male (54.2%) and range of 18-26 years. Their leisure time were more than 3 hours (49.3%), less than 3 hours (31.7%) only one hour in a day (12.5%) and nothing (6.5%). The students spent their time by sending message
(30.1%), surfing the internet (27.2%), and physical activity such as walking and climbing (15.8%), talking on the phone (21%), chatting with friends (9.4%) and sleeping and watching movies (3.8%).

  Conclusion: Because text messaging and surfing the internet are the main hobbies of the students , we recommend parents and university officials to have appropriate policy to help young people for using them in a healthy way.

---

  Background and Objective : After suffering from some diseases,car accident is the most common cause of mortality in Iran.Using safety seat belt has a considerable role in reducing the injuries. This study has been established for comparing the trend of safety belt use from 2007to­ 2010 in Golestan province.

  Material and Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 3999 subjects aged 15-65,­during four years,in 11 urban and rural public health centers.They were selected by stratified and cluster sampling.­ Interviewers recorded the data using a all of them filled demographic data sheet,and were asked whether they asked seat belt or not.We used Chi-2 test to compare the frequencies and regression logistic to estimate seat belt use odds ratio.

  Results: The rate of seat belt use in the years of 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 were 71%, 69.8%, 74.5 and 86.4%, respectively.The difference is signficant(P<0.01) safety belt use during the four years increases by 15.4%.­ This increase in urban area is 19% while in rural area is 14.9%. In under 35-­year-old group,the increase is 17.85% and in over 35 is 14.3% .In 2010,­using seat belt in men was more than women, by 14.8%.

  Conclusion: Using safety belt increased by 3.85% for each year.It^,s use in urban higher that rural are,and in institutionalization to use the safety belt and a growing trend to use clear men more them women was reported.Interalization horizon in the province in reducing mortality from accidents will open of using seat belt and it^,s increasing use is considerable in this Province.

---

  Background and Objective : Socio-economical and scientific development has brought about rapid increase of elders and changed old traditions. Quality of life of elders with good wife’s, children's and friend’s support is higher than that of others. Hence, we aimed at determining people‘s attitude toward elders in Golestan province, 2009.

  Materials and Methods : This cross-sectional study was carried out via convenience sampling on 300 people, who resided in four cities of Golestan province and aged 13-60 years, having at least one elder around. Data was collected by kogan questionnaire and and analyzed by Kruskal-wallis and mann-whitney.

  Results : The mean age of the subjects is 24.8. They are Fars (53%) and Turkmen (42%). There is significant relation between attitude toward elders and Variables such as age (P=0.003), ethnicity (P=0/000) and education (P=0/01. Men and women younger than 25 years and people with higher education have more negative attitude. Turkmens have higher positive attitude toward the aged.

  Conclusion : Since more negative attitude toward the aged are reported among teens and highly educated adults, we recommend officials for performing some essential interventions to improve this attitude .