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Effect of Spiritual Intelligence and Self-Efficacy on Nurses\' Resiliency in Therapeutic and Teaching Centers of Zahedan
Dr Zahra Nikmanesh, Shahnaz Kiekha,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (2-2016)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Given that nurses need numerous skills and high concentration in their job, they   endure a lot of stress leading to serious physical and psychological consequences. We aimed to investigate the effect spiritual intelligence and self-efficacy on nurses’ resilience.

Material and Methods: This correlation study was conducted on 180 nurses (149 females and 31 males)   selected via stratified random sampling in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences’ Hospitals, 2013.  The questionnaires were  resiliency of Connor and Davidson,  spiritual intelligence of King,  and self-efficacy of Sherer and Maddux. The data was analyzed by Pearson Correlation and Step-wise Regression.

Results: Nurses self-efficacy (r=0.59, p≤0.001) and nurses spiritual intelligence (r=0.50, p≤0.001) had a positive significant correlation with resiliency.  Regression showed that in first step self-efficacy (0.35) and in next step self-efficacy and   spiritual intelligence (0.46) were the positive predictors for resiliency.

Conclusion: It seemes that  by developing self-efficacy and spiritual intelligence,  we can increase the resilincy and consequently minimize the level of nurses' job stress.


The relationship between spiritual and emotional intelligence and pain tolerance in orthopedic surgery patients in Baghdad, Iraq
Arefe Fattah , Eman Al-Awabdeh , Alaa Jawad Kadhim, Masoome Ghotbi , Richard Mottershead , Hamid Reza Khosravizade Tabasi, Erfan Rajabi , Hadi Ahmadi Chenari ,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (12-2025)
Abstract
Background: Postoperative orthopedic pain is challenging; inadequate control prolongs hospitalization and increases costs. The present study examined the relationship between spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence and pain tolerance.
Methods: This cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted on 170 orthopedic surgery patients at Baghdad Teaching Hospital in 2023. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the King’s Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, the Bar-On Emotional Quotient (EQ), and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Patients completed instruments two days post-surgery. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23, employing Pearson correlation coefficients, independent-samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA.
Results: Among 170 participants, the mean spiritual intelligence score was moderate (71.23±8.54), while emotional intelligence was low (184.25±17.3). Pain severity was high, with a mean score of 6.22 ± 0.73. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed a strong negative association between spiritual intelligence (r = -0.62, p = 0.012) and emotional intelligence (r = -0.86, p = 0.01) and pain, with the relationship being stronger for emotional intelligence. Additionally, there was a positive relationship between the demographic variables of age (r = 0.84, p = 0.02) and the presence of comorbidity (t = 0.45, p = 0.03) with higher pain scores. Variables identified as determinants by the linear regression model included emotional intelligence (b=0.61, P<0.001), spiritual intelligence (b=0.98, P<0.001), age (b=0.17, P=0.02), and comorbidity (b=0.28, P=0.004).
Conclusion: Spiritual and emotional intelligence reduce pain and improve tolerance, with stronger effects observed for emotional intelligence. Strengthening emotional intelligence among patients is essential. Nursing strategies should include training programs to enhance emotional intelligence skills, such as stress management and effective communication, to better equip patients in coping with pain.

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